Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/käüdäk
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *käwe-, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skēwijaną (“to go, walk”).[1][2]
The alternative theory that the word is cognate with Eastern Mari (kaje-), (keje-, “to go (away)”), from Proto-Uralic *käwe-,[3] and more distantly with Proto-Yukaghir *kewe (“to go”),[4] has to be rejected: the vowel correspondences are irregular,[5] and the Mari word is likely rather a Turkic borrowing (from Chuvash кай (kaj), from Proto-Turkic *kē(y)t-).
Verb
Inflection
Inflection of *käüdäk
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *käün | *kävin | — | *käügon |
| 2nd sing. | *käüt | *kävit | *käük | *käügos |
| 3rd sing. | *käüpi *käü |
*kävi | *käükähen | *käükohen |
| 1st plur. | *käükmek *käükmäk |
*kävimek *kävimäk |
*käükädemek *käükädämäk |
*käükodemek *käükodämäk |
| 2nd plur. | *käüktek *käüktäk |
*kävidek *kävidäk |
*käükäde *käükädä |
*käügot'ek *käükodädäk |
| 3rd plur. | *käübät *käü |
*kävi | *käükähen | *käükohen |
| passive | *käüksen *käüt'äksen |
*käütihen *käüttihen |
*käütägäsen *käüttägäsen |
*käütägosen *käüttägosen |
| connegative | *käük | — | *käügäk | *käügok |
| passive connegative | *käüktäk | — | *käütägäk *käüttägäk |
*käütägok *käüttägok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *käükcin | *kävicin | *käünen | |
| 2nd sing. | *käükcit | *kävicit | *käünet | |
| 3rd sing. | *käükci | *kävici | *käüni | |
| 1st plur. | *käükcimek *käükcimäk |
*kävicimek *kävicimäk |
*käünemek *käünemäk | |
| 2nd plur. | *käükcidek *käükcidäk |
*kävicidek *kävicidäk |
*käünedek *käünedäk | |
| 3rd plur. | *käükci | *kävici | *käüni | |
| passive | *käüdäkcisen *käüt'äkcisen |
*käüticisen *käütticisen |
*käütänesen *käüttänesen | |
| connegative | *käükcik | *kävicik | *käünek | |
| passive connegative | *käüdäkcik *käüt'äkcik |
*käüticik *käütticik |
*käütänek *käüttänek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *käüdäk | present | *käüpä | *käütäbä *käüttäbä |
| infinitive 2 | *käüte- | past | *käünüt | *käütü *käüttü |
| gerund/supine | *käümä | |||
| action noun | *käüminen | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: käima/käia
- Finnish: käydä
- Ingrian: käyvvä
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kǟ’dõ
- Livvi: kävvä
- Ludian: kävüda
- Veps: kävuda
- Võro: käümä/kävvüq
- Votic: tšäüvve
- → Northern Sami: geavvat
- → Lule Sami: gevvat
- → Inari Sami: keevvâđ
- → Skolt Sami: ǩiâvvâd
References
- ^ Sammallahti, Pekka (1998) The Saami Languages: An Introduction, Karasjok: Davvi Girji, →ISBN, page 244
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- ^ Rédei, Károly (1986–88) “käwe-”, in Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, page 654
- ^ Hyllested, Adam (2008) “Internal Reconstruction vs. External Comparison: The Case of the Indo-Uralic Laryngeals”, in Jens Elmegård Rasmussen & Thomas Olander, editors, Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European: Methods, Results, and Problems : Section Papers from the XVI International Conference on Historical Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, 11th–15th August, 2003, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 131 of 111–136: “Fenno-Volgaic *käwe ‘go’”
- ^ Aikio, Ante. The Uralic-Yukaghir lexical correspondences: genetic inheritance, language contact or chance resemblance? (2014). Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, volume 14.
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*käü-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)