Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaibait'ak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly by metathesis from earlier *kawja- > *kajwa- (> *kajpa-), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kawjaną.
Verb
*kaibait'ak (stem *kaipaida-)[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *kaibait'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kaipaidan | *kaipaicin | — | *kaibaitkon |
| 2nd sing. | *kaipaidat | *kaipaicit | *kaipaidak | *kaibaitkos |
| 3rd sing. | *kaipaidapi *kaibait |
*kaipaici | *kaibaitkasën | *kaibaitkosën |
| 1st plur. | *kaipaidakmëk *kaipaidakmak |
*kaipaicimëk *kaipaicimak |
*kaibaitkatëmëk *kaibaitkatamak |
*kaibaitkotëmëk *kaibaitkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kaipaidaktëk *kaipaidaktak |
*kaipaicidëk *kaipaicidak |
*kaibaitkatë *kaibaitkata |
*kaibaitkot'ëk *kaibaitkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kaipaidabat *kaibait |
*kaipaici | *kaibaitkasën | *kaibaitkosën |
| passive | *kaipaidaksën *kaipaidat'aksën |
*kaibaittisën *kaipaidattihën |
*kaibaittakahën *kaipaidattagasën |
*kaibaittakohën *kaipaidattagosën |
| connegative | *kaipaidak | — | *kaibaitkak | *kaibaitkok |
| passive connegative | *kaipaidaktak | — | *kaibaittagak *kaipaidattagak |
*kaibaittagok *kaipaidattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kaipaidakcin | *kaipaicicin | *kaibainnën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kaipaidakcit | *kaipaicicit | *kaibainnët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kaipaidakci | *kaipaicici | *kaibainni | |
| 1st plur. | *kaipaidakcimëk *kaipaidakcimak |
*kaipaicicimëk *kaipaicicimak |
*kaibainnëmëk *kaibainnëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kaipaidakcidëk *kaipaidakcidak |
*kaipaicicidëk *kaipaicicidak |
*kaibainnëdëk *kaibainnëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kaipaidakci | *kaipaicici | *kaibainni | |
| passive | *kaibait'akcihën *kaipaidat'akcisën |
*kaibaitticihën *kaipaidatticisën |
*kaibaittanëhën *kaipaidattanësën | |
| connegative | *kaipaidakcik | *kaipaicicik | *kaibainnëk | |
| passive connegative | *kaibait'akcik *kaipaidat'akcik |
*kaibaitticik *kaipaidatticik |
*kaibaittanëk *kaipaidattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kaibait'ak | present | *kaipaidapa | *kaibaittapa *kaipaidattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *kaibaittë- | past | *kaibainnut | *kaibaittu *kaipaidattu |
| gerund/supine | *kaipaidama | |||
| action noun | *kaipaidaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kaebama/kaevata
- Finnish: kaivata (“long for; need”), kaivaita (obsolete)
- → Northern Sami: gáibidit
- Ingrian: kaivata (“complain”)
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kaibõ
- Võro: kaibama/kaivadaq
- Votic: kaivõtõ (“complain; lament”)
Further reading
- “kaebama”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kaivata”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
References
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kaipaida-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)