Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kapja
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *kapaja, the root *kapa- is borrowed from pre-Germanic *kāpas or early Proto-Germanic *hāfaz (later *hōfaz), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós. The same root appears in Proto-Samic *kuopērē (“reindeer hoof”) (earlier *kapara), but with a different suffix.
Noun
*kapja
Inflection
Inflection of *kapja
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kapja | *kapjat | |
| accusative | *kapjan | *kapjat | |
| genitive | *kapjan | *kapjadën *kapjoidën | |
| partitive | *kapjada | *kapjoida | |
| inessive | *kapjassa *kapjahna |
*kapjoissa *kapjoihna | |
| elative | *kapjasta | *kapjoista | |
| illative | *kapjahën | *kapjoihën | |
| adessive | *kapjalla | *kapjoilla | |
| ablative | *kapjalta | *kapjoilta | |
| allative | *kapjalën *kapjalëk |
*kapjoilën *kapjoilëk | |
| essive | *kapjana | *kapjoina | |
| translative | *kapjaksi | *kapjoiksi | |
| instructive | *kapjan | *kapjoin | |
| comitative | *kapjanëk | *kapjoinëk | |
| abessive | *kapjatta | *kapjoitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kabi
- Finnish: kavio, (dialectal) kapio, kapia
- Ingrian: kapja
- Karelian: kapie, kabia
- Livonian: käbā
- Livvi: kabju
- Ludian: kabď, kabju, kabje
- Veps: kabj
- Võro: kabi
- Votic: kabjõ
References
- “kabi”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012