Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/karkëda
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *karketa, akin to Komi курыд (kuryd, “bitter”), Udmurt курыт (kuryt, “bitter”). Derivation as *karvas (“bitter”) + *-këda may also be possible.
Adjective
*karkëda[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *karkëda
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *karkëda | *karkëdat | |
| accusative | *karkëdan | *karkëdat | |
| genitive | *karkëdan | *karkëdadën *karkëdëidën | |
| partitive | *karkëdata | *karkëdëita | |
| inessive | *karkëdassa *karkëdahna |
*karkëdëissa *karkëdëihna | |
| elative | *karkëdasta | *karkëdëista | |
| illative | *karkëdasën | *karkëdëisën | |
| adessive | *karkëdalla | *karkëdëilla | |
| ablative | *karkëdalta | *karkëdëilta | |
| allative | *karkëdalën *karkëdalëk |
*karkëdëilën *karkëdëilëk | |
| essive | *karkëdana | *karkëdëina | |
| translative | *karkëdaksi | *karkëdëiksi | |
| instructive | *karkëdan | *karkëdëin | |
| comitative | *karkëdanëk | *karkëdëinëk | |
| abessive | *karkëdatta | *karkëdëitta | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: karge
- Finnish: karkea
- Ingrian: karkia
- Karelian:
- Livvi: kargei
- Ludian: karged
- Veps: karged
- Votic: karka
- → Proto-Samic: *kārkkë
References
- “karge”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN