Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kirkudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably onomatopoeic (compare *kurki (“crane”)). Alternatively, possibly borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *skrīkijaną.
Verb
Inflection
Inflection of *kirkudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kirgun | *kirguin | — | *kirkugon |
| 2nd sing. | *kirgut | *kirguit | *kirguk | *kirkugos |
| 3rd sing. | *kirkubi *kirku |
*kirkui | *kirkugasën | *kirkugosën |
| 1st plur. | *kirgukmëk *kirgukmak |
*kirkuimëk *kirkuimak |
*kirkugatëmëk *kirkugatamak |
*kirkugotëmëk *kirkugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kirguktëk *kirguktak |
*kirkuidëk *kirkuidak |
*kirkugatë *kirkugata |
*kirkugot'ëk *kirkugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kirkubat *kirku |
*kirkui | *kirkugasën | *kirkugosën |
| passive | *kirguksën *kirgut'aksën |
*kirkudisën *kirguttisën |
*kirkudakahën *kirguttakahën |
*kirkudakohën *kirguttakohën |
| connegative | *kirguk | — | *kirkugak | *kirkugok |
| passive connegative | *kirguktak | — | *kirkudagak *kirguttagak |
*kirkudagok *kirguttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kirgukcin | *kirkuicin | *kirkunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kirgukcit | *kirkuicit | *kirkunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kirgukci | *kirkuici | *kirkuni | |
| 1st plur. | *kirgukcimëk *kirgukcimak |
*kirkuicimëk *kirkuicimak |
*kirkunëmëk *kirkunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kirgukcidëk *kirgukcidak |
*kirkuicidëk *kirkuicidak |
*kirkunëdëk *kirkunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kirgukci | *kirkuici | *kirkuni | |
| passive | *kirkudakcihën *kirgut'akcihën |
*kirkudicihën *kirgutticihën |
*kirkudanëhën *kirguttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kirgukcik | *kirkuicik | *kirkunëk | |
| passive connegative | *kirkudakcik *kirgut'akcik |
*kirkudicik *kirgutticik |
*kirkudanëk *kirguttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kirkudak | present | *kirkuba | *kirkudapa *kirguttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kirkudë- | past | *kirkunut | *kirkudu *kirguttu |
| gerund/supine | *kirkuma | |||
| action noun | *kirkuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kiirguma/kiirguda, kirguma/kirguda
- Finnish: kirkua
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kirgõ
- Livvi: kirguo
- Ludian: kirguda
- Veps: kirkta
References
Further reading
- “kiirguma”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kirkua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN