Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrīkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Related to *skrīhaną (“to shout, scream”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskriː.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skrīkijaną^[1]

to cry, scream, shriek

Inflection

Conjugation of *skrīkijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skrīkijō	*skrīkijaų	—	*skrīkijai	?
2nd singular	*skrīkīsi	*skrīkijais	*skrīkī	*skrīkijasai	*skrīkijaisau
3rd singular	*skrīkīþi	*skrīkijai	*skrīkijaþau	*skrīkijaþai	*skrīkijaiþau
1st dual	*skrīkijōs	*skrīkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skrīkijaþiz	*skrīkijaiþiz	*skrīkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skrīkijamaz	*skrīkijaim	—	*skrīkijanþai	*skrīkijainþau
2nd plural	*skrīkīþ	*skrīkijaiþ	*skrīkīþ	*skrīkijanþai	*skrīkijainþau
3rd plural	*skrīkijanþi	*skrīkijain	*skrīkijanþau	*skrīkijanþai	*skrīkijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrīkidǭ	*skrīkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skrīkidēz	*skrīkidēdīz
3rd singular	*skrīkidē	*skrīkidēdī
1st dual	*skrīkidēdū	*skrīkidēdīw
2nd dual	*skrīkidēdudiz	*skrīkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skrīkidēdum	*skrīkidēdīm
2nd plural	*skrīkidēdud	*skrīkidēdīd
3rd plural	*skrīkidēdun	*skrīkidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*skrīkijandz	*skrīkidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skrīkijan
- Old English: *sċrīċan
  - Middle English: schrichen
Old Norse: skríkja
- Icelandic: skríkja
- Norwegian:
  Bokmål: skrike
  
  Nynorsk: skrika, skrike
- Swedish: skrika
- Danish: skrige
- → Middle English: skriken (perhaps from skrækja instead)
  - English: shriek, screech

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skrīkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 344

[Orel-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skrīkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 344

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