Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koopidak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic (whence Latvian kāpt, Lithuanian kopti), or alternatively, derived from unattested noun *koopa (“hoof”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.[1]
Verb
- to paw (dig)
Inflection
Inflection of *koopidak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *koobin | *koopëjin | — | *koopigon |
| 2nd sing. | *koobit | *koopëjit | *koobik | *koopigos |
| 3rd sing. | *koopibi *koopi |
*koopëji | *koopigasën | *koopigosën |
| 1st plur. | *koobikmëk *koobikmak |
*koopëjimëk *koopëjimak |
*koopigatëmëk *koopigatamak |
*koopigotëmëk *koopigotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *koobiktëk *koobiktak |
*koopëjidëk *koopëjidak |
*koopigatë *koopigata |
*koopigot'ëk *koopigotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *koopibat *koopi |
*koopëji | *koopigasën | *koopigosën |
| passive | *koobiksën *koobit'aksën |
*koopidisën *koobittisën |
*koopidakahën *koobittakahën |
*koopidakohën *koobittakohën |
| connegative | *koobik | — | *koopigak | *koopigok |
| passive connegative | *koobiktak | — | *koopidagak *koobittagak |
*koopidagok *koobittagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *koobikcin | *koopëjicin | *koopinën | |
| 2nd sing. | *koobikcit | *koopëjicit | *koopinët | |
| 3rd sing. | *koobikci | *koopëjici | *koopini | |
| 1st plur. | *koobikcimëk *koobikcimak |
*koopëjicimëk *koopëjicimak |
*koopinëmëk *koopinëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *koobikcidëk *koobikcidak |
*koopëjicidëk *koopëjicidak |
*koopinëdëk *koopinëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *koobikci | *koopëjici | *koopini | |
| passive | *koopidakcihën *koobit'akcihën |
*koopidicihën *koobitticihën |
*koopidanëhën *koobittanëhën | |
| connegative | *koobikcik | *koopëjicik | *koopinëk | |
| passive connegative | *koopidakcik *koobit'akcik |
*koopidicik *koobitticik |
*koopidanëk *koobittanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *koopidak | present | *koopiba | *koopidapa *koobittapa |
| infinitive 2 | *koopidë- | past | *koopinut | *koopidu *koobittu |
| gerund/supine | *koopima | |||
| action noun | *koopiminen | |||
Descendants
From *koopit'ak:
- Estonian: (dialectal) koobitsema/koobitseda
- Finnish: (dialectal) kuopita
- Veps: kobitasta
- Võro: koobitsõma/koobitsaq
References
- ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kuopia”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-06-26
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*koo(p)pi-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kuopia”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN