Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rauha
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
Unclear. Similarity to Germanic words has been noted (compare German Ruhe, Swedish ro, Proto-Germanic *rōō, all of the same meaning) and Schalin (2019) proposes borrowing from Northwest Proto-Germanic *rāwō or Proto-Norse (*rāwu) (whence Middle Low German rāwe (“peace, tranquility”), Old High German rāwa) with a substitution Germanic *VwV → Finnic *VuhV (with a similar substitution probably also in *lauha)[1].
Noun
*rauha[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *rauha
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *rauha | *rauhat | |
| accusative | *rauhan | *rauhat | |
| genitive | *rauhan | *rauhadën *rauhëidën | |
| partitive | *rauhada | *rauhëida | |
| inessive | *rauhassa *rauhahna |
*rauhëissa *rauhëihna | |
| elative | *rauhasta | *rauhëista | |
| illative | *rauhahën | *rauhëihën | |
| adessive | *rauhalla | *rauhëilla | |
| ablative | *rauhalta | *rauhëilta | |
| allative | *rauhalën *rauhalëk |
*rauhëilën *rauhëilëk | |
| essive | *rauhana | *rauhëina | |
| translative | *rauhaksi | *rauhëiksi | |
| instructive | *rauhan | *rauhëin | |
| comitative | *rauhanëk | *rauhëinëk | |
| abessive | *rauhatta | *rauhëitta | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: rahu
- Finnish: rauha
- Kven: rauha
- Ingrian: rauha
- → Votic: rauhõ
- Karelian:
- Livvi: rauhu
- Võro: rahu, (Seto) rauh
- → Southern Sami: raeffie
- → Ume Sami: (raahfee)
- → Pite Sami: ráffe
- → Lule Sami: ráfe
- → Northern Sami: ráfi
- → Skolt Sami: rääuh
Etymology 2
From earlier *rawša, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrausā, *hrauzā (whence Old Norse hrœrar). Cognate with Proto-Samic *ruovsē.
Noun
*rauha[3]
Inflection
Inflection of *rauha
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *rauha | *rauhat | |
| accusative | *rauhan | *rauhat | |
| genitive | *rauhan | *rauhadën *rauhëidën | |
| partitive | *rauhada | *rauhëida | |
| inessive | *rauhassa *rauhahna |
*rauhëissa *rauhëihna | |
| elative | *rauhasta | *rauhëista | |
| illative | *rauhahën | *rauhëihën | |
| adessive | *rauhalla | *rauhëilla | |
| ablative | *rauhalta | *rauhëilta | |
| allative | *rauhalën *rauhalëk |
*rauhëilën *rauhëilëk | |
| essive | *rauhana | *rauhëina | |
| translative | *rauhaksi | *rauhëiksi | |
| instructive | *rauhan | *rauhëin | |
| comitative | *rauhanëk | *rauhëinëk | |
| abessive | *rauhatta | *rauhëitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: rahu
- Finnish: (dialectal) rauha, ⇒ rauhanen
- Ingrian: rauha
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: rauhna
- Livonian: ⇒ ro’ugõz
- Livvi: rauhnu
- Ludian: raunaz
- Veps: rauh
- Võro: rauh
- Votic: ravvu
- → Proto-Samic: *rāvsā (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Schalin, Johan: 2019 Niukka, nivo, nuiva sekä niuha, lauha ja rauha. In S. Junttila & J Kuokkala (eds.) Petri Kallio rocks : Liber semisaecularis 7.2.2019 p. 173–183. Kallion etymologiseura.
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*rauha²”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*rauha¹”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)
- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
- “rahu”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN