Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sampudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Indo-Iranian (whence Sanskrit शम्यति (śamyati), शाम्यति (śāmyati, “to be extinguished, die out, abate, cease, stop, go to rest, be calm or quiet”)), but this has been fairly convincingly rejected. An alternative posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną, but this is likewise uncertain.
Verb
*sampudak (stem *sampu-)
Usage notes
In Finnish, Ingrian and North Karelian, the weak grade (-mm-) has been levelled to all forms.
Inflection
Inflection of *sampudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *sambun | *sambuin | — | *sampugon |
| 2nd sing. | *sambut | *sambuit | *sambuk | *sampugos |
| 3rd sing. | *sampubi *sampu |
*sampui | *sampugasën | *sampugosën |
| 1st plur. | *sambukmëk *sambukmak |
*sampuimëk *sampuimak |
*sampugatëmëk *sampugatamak |
*sampugotëmëk *sampugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *sambuktëk *sambuktak |
*sampuidëk *sampuidak |
*sampugatë *sampugata |
*sampugot'ëk *sampugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *sampubat *sampu |
*sampui | *sampugasën | *sampugosën |
| passive | *sambuksën *sambut'aksën |
*sampudisën *sambuttisën |
*sampudakahën *sambuttakahën |
*sampudakohën *sambuttakohën |
| connegative | *sambuk | — | *sampugak | *sampugok |
| passive connegative | *sambuktak | — | *sampudagak *sambuttagak |
*sampudagok *sambuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *sambukcin | *sampuicin | *sampunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *sambukcit | *sampuicit | *sampunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *sambukci | *sampuici | *sampuni | |
| 1st plur. | *sambukcimëk *sambukcimak |
*sampuicimëk *sampuicimak |
*sampunëmëk *sampunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *sambukcidëk *sambukcidak |
*sampuicidëk *sampuicidak |
*sampunëdëk *sampunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *sambukci | *sampuici | *sampuni | |
| passive | *sampudakcihën *sambut'akcihën |
*sampudicihën *sambutticihën |
*sampudanëhën *sambuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *sambukcik | *sampuicik | *sampunëk | |
| passive connegative | *sampudakcik *sambut'akcik |
*sampudicik *sambutticik |
*sampudanëk *sambuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *sampudak | present | *sampuba | *sampudapa *sambuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *sampudë- | past | *sampunut | *sampudu *sambuttu |
| gerund/supine | *sampuma | |||
| action noun | *sampuminen | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: sammua
- → Votic: sammua
- Ingrian: sammua
- Karelian:
- Livvi: sambuo
- Ludian: sambuda
- Veps: sambuda, sampta
References
- ^ http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/StOrE/article/viewFile/52396/16246
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa & Junttila, Santeri. Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen (2023)
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sammua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN