Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/akwisī

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From apparent pre-Germanic *h₂egʷésih₂ (“axe”), which along with Ancient Greek ἀξῑ́νη (axī́nē) and Latin ascia is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. Compare also Akkadian 𒍏𒄩𒍣𒅔 (ḫaṣṣinnum), Aramaic חצינא (ḥăṣṣīnā).

*akwisī f^[1]

1. axe

   Synonyms: *adisô, *bardō, *bardǭ, *bīþlaz

Ablaut was preserved in this noun: full-grade -wi- in the nominative and vocative alternated with zero-grade -u- in the rest of the paradigm.^[2]

• Proto-West Germanic: *akusi
  • Old English: æx, æces, acas, eax
    • Middle English: ax, axe, ex, exe, æxæ, æxe
      • English: axe, ax
      • Scots: aix
  • Old Frisian: axa
    • Saterland Frisian: Äkse
  • Old Saxon: akus
    • Middle Low German: axe, ēxe, akes
      • Low German: Ax, Äx, Ex
        • Westphalian:

          Märkisch: Akes

      • Plautdietsch: Akjs
  • Old Dutch: *akus, *acus
    • Middle Dutch: aex
      • Dutch: aks, akst
  • Old High German: ackis, ackus
    • Middle High German: ackes, aks, ax, axt
      • German: Axt
      • Luxembourgish: Aaxt
• Old Norse: øx, ǫx
  • Icelandic: öxi, exi, öx
  • Faroese: øks
  • Norwegian Bokmål: øks
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: øks
  • Old Swedish: øx, øxa
    • Swedish: yxa
  • Old Danish: øx, øxæ
    • Danish: økse
  • Elfdalian: öks
  • Old Gutnish: yxi
    • Gutnish: yx
  • Scanian: yğsa
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 (aqizi)
• → Proto-Samic: *ākšōjō (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Slavic: *okъša, *okъšy (see there for further descendants)