Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz you have here. The definition of the word Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition ofReconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaz, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eryos. Cognate with Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, kind, hospitable), Proto-Celtic *aryos (nobleman, free man).

Pronunciation

Adjective

*arjaz (comparative *arjōzô, superlative *arjōstaz)

  1. distinguished, esteemed

Inflection

Declension of *arjaz (ja-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *arjaz *arjō *arją, -atō *arjai *arjôz *arjō
accusative *arjanǭ *arjǭ *arją, -atō *arjanz *arjōz *arjō
genitive *arjas, -is *arjaizōz *arjas, -is *arjaizǫ̂ *arjaizǫ̂ *arjaizǫ̂
dative *arjammai *arjaizōi *arjammai *arjaimaz *arjaimaz *arjaimaz
instrumental *arjanō *arjaizō *arjanō *arjaimiz *arjaimiz *arjaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *arjô *arjǭ *arjô *arjaniz *arjōniz *arjōnō
accusative *arjanų *arjōnų *arjô *arjanunz *arjōnunz *arjōnō
genitive *ariniz *arjōniz *ariniz *arjanǫ̂ *arjōnǫ̂ *arjanǫ̂
dative *arini *arjōni *arini *arjammaz *arjōmaz *arjammaz
instrumental *arinē *arjōnē *arinē *arjammiz *arjōmiz *arjammiz

Descendants

The positive form is not attested in any of the daughter languages, but might exist in some personal names, such as the first element in Ariovistus.

The superlative is attested, the meaning and form of which is debated, but generally given as meaning "most distinguished". The nominative plural ending *-ᛖᛉ (*-eʀ) is explained (by Boutkan among others) as Proto-Germanic *-ai > Northwest Germanic *-ē + *-z, and is the ancestor of Old Norse masculine nominative plural -ir.

Further reading

  • Elmer H., Antonsen (2002) Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs), volume 140, Berlin, New York: Mouton De Gruyter, →ISBN
  • Dirk Boutkan, (1995), The Germanic 'Auslautgesetze'. A New Interpretation. (Leiden Studies in Indo-European) Amsterdam, Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, page 101