Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/austraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsteros (“in the direction of dawn, east”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑu̯s.trɑz/

Adjective

*austraz (comparative *austrōzô, superlative *austrōstaz)

east, eastern

Inflection

Declension of *austraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*austraz	*austrō	*austrą, -atō	*austrai	*austrôz	*austrō
accusative	*austranǭ	*austrǭ	*austrą, -atō	*austranz	*austrōz	*austrō
genitive	*austras, -is	*austraizōz	*austras, -is	*austraizǫ̂	*austraizǫ̂	*austraizǫ̂
dative	*austrammai	*austraizōi	*austrammai	*austraimaz	*austraimaz	*austraimaz
instrumental	*austranō	*austraizō	*austranō	*austraimiz	*austraimiz	*austraimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*austrô	*austrǭ	*austrô	*austraniz	*austrōniz	*austrōnō
accusative	*austranų	*austrōnų	*austrô	*austranunz	*austrōnunz	*austrōnō
genitive	*austriniz	*austrōniz	*austriniz	*austranǫ̂	*austrōnǫ̂	*austranǫ̂
dative	*austrini	*austrōni	*austrini	*austrammaz	*austrōmaz	*austrammaz
instrumental	*austrinē	*austrōnē	*austrinē	*austrammiz	*austrōmiz	*austrammiz

Derived terms

Related terms

*Austrǭ

Coordinate terms

compass points:

	*nurþraz
*westraz		*austraz
	*sunþraz

Adverb

*austraz (comparative *austrōz, superlative *austrōst)

east, eastward

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *austr
- Old English: ēast
  - Middle English: est
    - English: east
  - → Old French: est
    - French: est (see there for further descendants)
- Old High German: ōstar
  - Middle High German: ōster
Old Norse: austr, ᛅᚢᛋᛏᚱ (austr) — Runic form
- Icelandic: austur
- Faroese: eystur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: aust, auster; (dialectal) aust’u, aust’e
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: aust
- Old Swedish: ø̄ster
  - Swedish: öster
- Old Danish: øst
  - Danish: øster, øst
    - Norwegian Bokmål: øst
      - → Norwegian Nynorsk: øst

References

^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*austera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43

[1] Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*austera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43