Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Compared with Proto-Indo-European *dʰew-, and *dʰweh₂-, but Kroonen prefers to connect it with Hittite (tuḫḫušzi, “to end”), from *dʰuH-.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dawjaną^[1]

to die

Inflection

Conjugation of *dawjaną (strong class 6 j-present)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dawjō	*dawjaų	—	*dawjai	?
2nd singular	*dawisi	*dawjais	*dawi	*dawjasai	*dawjaisau
3rd singular	*dawiþi	*dawjai	*dawjaþau	*dawjaþai	*dawjaiþau
1st dual	*dawjōs	*dawjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dawjaþiz	*dawjaiþiz	*dawjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*dawjamaz	*dawjaim	—	*dawjanþai	*dawjainþau
2nd plural	*dawiþ	*dawjaiþ	*dawiþ	*dawjanþai	*dawjainþau
3rd plural	*dawjanþi	*dawjain	*dawjanþau	*dawjanþai	*dawjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dōw	*dōwį̄
2nd singular	*dōwt	*dōwīz
3rd singular	*dōw	*dōwī
1st dual	*dōwū	*dōwīw
2nd dual	*dōwudiz	*dōwīdiz
1st plural	*dōwum	*dōwīm
2nd plural	*dōwud	*dōwīd
3rd plural	*dōwun	*dōwīn

	present	past
participles	*dawjandz	*dawanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*dewaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dauwjan
- Old English: *dīeġan
  - Middle English: deyen, deȝen, dien, deien, digen, degen, deghen, deȝen
    - English: die, dye
      - → Vietnamese: đai
    - Geordie English: dee
    - Scots: de, dee, dey
    - Yola: dee
- Old Frisian: deia, deja
- Old Saxon: dōian
  - Middle Low German: doeien
    - Low German: döen
- Old Dutch: *douwen, *dōien
  - Middle Dutch: douwen, dôyen
- Old High German: touwen, tewen
  - Middle High German: touwen, töuwen
Old Norse: deyja
- Middle English: deyen
  - English: die
- Icelandic: deyja
- Faroese: doyggja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: døy, døya
- Dalecarlian:
  - Mora: däja
  - Elfdalian: däia, däa
- Old Swedish: dø̄ia
  - Swedish: dö
- Old Danish: dø̄
  - Scanian: dǿja
  - Danish: dø
    - Norwegian Bokmål: dø
- Old Gutnish: doyia
  - Gutnish: dåie, dåi, doä

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*daujan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 90

[Kroonen_1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*daujan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 90

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