Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/delbaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰelbʰ- (“to dig”). Cognate with Lithuanian delbti (“to drop, cast down”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdel.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*delbaną^[1]^[2](West Germanic)

to dig, hollow out

Inflection

Conjugation of *delbaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*delbō	*delbaų	—	*delbai	?
2nd singular	*dilbizi	*delbaiz	*delb	*delbazai	*delbaizau
3rd singular	*dilbidi	*delbai	*delbadau	*delbadai	*delbaidau
1st dual	*delbōz	*delbaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*delbadiz	*delbaidiz	*delbadiz	—	—
1st plural	*delbamaz	*delbaim	—	*delbandai	*delbaindau
2nd plural	*dilbid	*delbaid	*dilbid	*delbandai	*delbaindau
3rd plural	*delbandi	*delbain	*delbandau	*delbandai	*delbaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dalb	*dulbį̄
2nd singular	*dalft	*dulbīz
3rd singular	*dalb	*dulbī
1st dual	*dulbū	*dulbīw
2nd dual	*dulbudiz	*dulbīdiz
1st plural	*dulbum	*dulbīm
2nd plural	*dulbud	*dulbīd
3rd plural	*dulbun	*dulbīn

	present	past
participles	*delbandz	*dulbanaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *delban
- Old English: delfan
  - Middle English: delven
    - Scots: delve
    - English: delve
- Old Frisian: delva
  - West Frisian: dolle
- Old Saxon: *delvan (in compounds: bidelvan)
  - Middle Low German: delven
    - Low German: dölven
- Old Dutch: *delvan
  - Middle Dutch: delven
    - Dutch: delven
      - Afrikaans: delf, delwe
    - Limburgish: dèlve
- Old High German: *telpan, *telban (in compounds: bitelban)
  - Middle High German: tëlben, dëlben
    - German: delben, telben (dialectal)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*delban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đelbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 70

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*delban-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 92

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đelbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 70

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