Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰelbʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*dʰelbʰ-^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

1. to dig, excavate

• *dʰélbʰ-t ~ *dʰl̥bʰ-ént (athematic root aorist)^[5]
  • Proto-Tocharian: (< *delbʰ-) (perhaps)
    • Tocharian B: tsälp (“freed, redeemed”)
• *dʰḗlbʰ-ti ~ *dʰélbʰ-n̥ti (athematic Narten root present?)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *ts'elp- (< *dḗlbʰ-) (perhaps)
    • Tocharian A: śalpatär (“to free, redeem”)
• *dʰl̥bʰ-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)^[5]
  • Proto-Tocharian: (perhaps)
    • Tocharian B: tsälpäṣṣäṃ (“to free, redeem”)
• *dʰelbʰ-e-ti^[4]
  • Proto-Germanic: *delbaną (“to dig, delve”) (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰelbʰ-ti^[4][3]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *delbtei
    • Lithuanian: del̃bti (“to lower, cast down (one's eyes), beat; chop”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *delbti (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰelbʰ-tēr^[6]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *dętelъ (“woodpecker”) (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰelbʰ-to-m
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *delbta
    • Proto-Slavic: *delto (“chisel”) (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰl̥bʰ-eye-ti^[7]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dilbīˀtei
    • Proto-Slavic: *dьlbiti (“to hollow, chisel”) (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰl̥bʰ-ti^[2][4]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dilbtei
    • Latvian: dil̃bti (“to lower, cast down”)
    • Lithuanian: dil̃bti (“to lower, cast down”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *dьlbti (“to hollow, chisel”) (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰolbʰ-eh₂^[8][4]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dalbāˀ
    • Latvian: dal̃ba (“tree-trunk, pole, long handle, two-pronged fork, long handle”)
    • Lithuanian: dálba (“lever; lazy-bones”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *dolba (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰolbʰ-o-s^[8]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dalbas
    • Latvian: dal̃bs
    • Proto-Slavic: *dolbъ (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰolbʰ-to-m^[4]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dálbta (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Latvian: dil̃ba (“upper arm, shin”)
  • Lithuanian: dìlba
• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Latvian: delbis (“two-pronged fork”), dȩl̃bs (“forearm”), dȩlbs (“upperarm”), dȩl̃bi pl (“bars for carrying hay”)
  • Lithuanian: délba (“lever, sullen person”)