Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Possibly related to *ád (“to”). Compare a similar relationship between *pó and *ap, both variants of *apó (“away”).
Adverb
Usage notes
The particle in Proto-Indo-European experienced ablaut between *de and *do but was otherwise indeclinable.
Derived terms
- *de-h₁ (with instrumental suffix *-h₁) (see there for further descendants)
- *do-h₁ (with instrumental suffix *-h₁)
- *(h₁)n̥-dó
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *da
- Proto-Celtic: *do
- Proto-Germanic: *ta
- Proto-Hellenic: *dé
- Proto-Hellenic: *-de
- Proto-Italic: *-de
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*dó”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 148-56
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.3, page 249
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dam, -dē, -dō, -dum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “endo, indu(-), indi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔνδον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 421-422
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*do”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 109
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*do”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δέ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “-δε”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-de”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 162
Further reading
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 183