Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drōbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *drōbuz (“turbid, troubled”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdrɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drōbijaną^[1]^[2]

To trouble, disturb

Inflection

Conjugation of *drōbijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*drōbijō	*drōbijaų	—	*drōbijai	?
2nd singular	*drōbīsi	*drōbijais	*drōbī	*drōbijasai	*drōbijaisau
3rd singular	*drōbīþi	*drōbijai	*drōbijaþau	*drōbijaþai	*drōbijaiþau
1st dual	*drōbijōs	*drōbijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drōbijaþiz	*drōbijaiþiz	*drōbijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*drōbijamaz	*drōbijaim	—	*drōbijanþai	*drōbijainþau
2nd plural	*drōbīþ	*drōbijaiþ	*drōbīþ	*drōbijanþai	*drōbijainþau
3rd plural	*drōbijanþi	*drōbijain	*drōbijanþau	*drōbijanþai	*drōbijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drōbidǭ	*drōbidēdį̄
2nd singular	*drōbidēz	*drōbidēdīz
3rd singular	*drōbidē	*drōbidēdī
1st dual	*drōbidēdū	*drōbidēdīw
2nd dual	*drōbidēdudiz	*drōbidēdīdiz
1st plural	*drōbidēdum	*drōbidēdīm
2nd plural	*drōbidēdud	*drōbidēdīd
3rd plural	*drōbidēdun	*drōbidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*drōbijandz	*drōbidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *drōbijan
- Old English: drēfan
  - Middle English: dreven
    - English: dreve
- Old Saxon: drōvian
  - Middle Low German: drôven
    - ⇒ German Low German: indröven
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: bedrōven
      - German Low German: bedröven
        → Swedish: bedröva
        → Danish: bedrøve
- Old Dutch: druoven
  - Middle Dutch: droeven
    - Dutch: droeven
    - Limburgish: dreuve, druueve
- Old High German: truoben
  - Middle High German: trüeben
    - German: trüben
Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (drōbjan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*drōbu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104: “*drōbjan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đrōbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*drōbu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104: “*drōbjan-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đrōbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77

[1]

[2]