Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fērijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fērō (“danger, harm”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸeː.ri.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fērijaną^[1]

to terrify, to frighten
to slight

Inflection

Conjugation of *fērijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fērijō	*fērijaų	—	*fērijai	?
2nd singular	*fērīsi	*fērijais	*fērī	*fērijasai	*fērijaisau
3rd singular	*fērīþi	*fērijai	*fērijaþau	*fērijaþai	*fērijaiþau
1st dual	*fērijōs	*fērijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fērijaþiz	*fērijaiþiz	*fērijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fērijamaz	*fērijaim	—	*fērijanþai	*fērijainþau
2nd plural	*fērīþ	*fērijaiþ	*fērīþ	*fērijanþai	*fērijainþau
3rd plural	*fērijanþi	*fērijain	*fērijanþau	*fērijanþai	*fērijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fēridǭ	*fēridēdį̄
2nd singular	*fēridēz	*fēridēdīz
3rd singular	*fēridē	*fēridēdī
1st dual	*fēridēdū	*fēridēdīw
2nd dual	*fēridēdudiz	*fēridēdīdiz
1st plural	*fēridēdum	*fēridēdīm
2nd plural	*fēridēdud	*fēridēdīd
3rd plural	*fēridēdun	*fēridēdīn

	present	past
participles	*fērijandz	*fēridaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fārijan
- Old English: fǣran
  - Middle English: feren
    - English: fear
- ⇒ Old English: fored, forod (“broken, fractured, weakened, crippled, void”) (< *fārōn)
- Old Dutch: *fāren
  - Middle Dutch: vâren
    - ⇒ Middle Dutch: vervâren
      - Dutch: vervaren
Old Norse: færa

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fērjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102

[Orel-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fērjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102

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