Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Orel suggests it's derived from *fōdô (“food”) +‎ *-janą.^[1] Kroonen assumes it is a causative verb derived from a lost strong verb *faþaną, from pre-Germanic *ph₂t- a zero-grade present form of Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“protect, guard, graze, feed”) extended with *-t-. Compare Ancient Greek πατέομαι (patéomai, “to eat”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fōdijaną^[2]^[1]

to feed
to give birth

Inflection

Conjugation of *fōdijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fōdijō	*fōdijaų	—	*fōdijai	?
2nd singular	*fōdīsi	*fōdijais	*fōdī	*fōdijasai	*fōdijaisau
3rd singular	*fōdīþi	*fōdijai	*fōdijaþau	*fōdijaþai	*fōdijaiþau
1st dual	*fōdijōs	*fōdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fōdijaþiz	*fōdijaiþiz	*fōdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fōdijamaz	*fōdijaim	—	*fōdijanþai	*fōdijainþau
2nd plural	*fōdīþ	*fōdijaiþ	*fōdīþ	*fōdijanþai	*fōdijainþau
3rd plural	*fōdijanþi	*fōdijain	*fōdijanþau	*fōdijanþai	*fōdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fōdidǭ	*fōdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*fōdidēz	*fōdidēdīz
3rd singular	*fōdidē	*fōdidēdī
1st dual	*fōdidēdū	*fōdidēdīw
2nd dual	*fōdidēdudiz	*fōdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*fōdidēdum	*fōdidēdīm
2nd plural	*fōdidēdud	*fōdidēdīd
3rd plural	*fōdidēdun	*fōdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*fōdijandz	*fōdidaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fōdijan
- Old English: fēdan
  - Middle English: feden
    - Scots: fede, feid
    - English: feed
- Old Frisian: fēda
  - West Frisian: fiede
- Old Saxon: fōdian
  - Middle Low German: vö̂den
    - German Low German: föden
- Old Dutch: *fuoden
  - Middle Dutch: voeden
    - Dutch: voeden
      - Afrikaans: voed
- Old High German: fuotan
Old Norse: fǿða, fꝍða, fœða — alternative spellings, fæða — Iceland only
- Icelandic: fæða
- Faroese: føða
- Norwegian Nynorsk: føda, fø
- Old Swedish: fø̄þa
  - Swedish: föda
- Old Danish: føthæ
  - Danish: føde
    - Norwegian Bokmål: føde, fø
Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fōdjan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fōđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fōdjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150

[Orel-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fōđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fōdjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150

[1]

[2]