Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulgijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade present ye-stem, presumably pre-Germanic *(s)pl̥kyéti; see *fulgāną (“to follow”) for more.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸul.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fulgijaną

(transitive, +dat) to follow

Inflection

Conjugation of *fulgijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fulgijō	*fulgijaų	—	*fulgijai	?
2nd singular	*fulgīsi	*fulgijais	*fulgī	*fulgijasai	*fulgijaisau
3rd singular	*fulgīþi	*fulgijai	*fulgijaþau	*fulgijaþai	*fulgijaiþau
1st dual	*fulgijōs	*fulgijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fulgijaþiz	*fulgijaiþiz	*fulgijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fulgijamaz	*fulgijaim	—	*fulgijanþai	*fulgijainþau
2nd plural	*fulgīþ	*fulgijaiþ	*fulgīþ	*fulgijanþai	*fulgijainþau
3rd plural	*fulgijanþi	*fulgijain	*fulgijanþau	*fulgijanþai	*fulgijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fulgidǭ	*fulgidēdį̄
2nd singular	*fulgidēz	*fulgidēdīz
3rd singular	*fulgidē	*fulgidēdī
1st dual	*fulgidēdū	*fulgidēdīw
2nd dual	*fulgidēdudiz	*fulgidēdīdiz
1st plural	*fulgidēdum	*fulgidēdīm
2nd plural	*fulgidēdud	*fulgidēdīd
3rd plural	*fulgidēdun	*fulgidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*fulgijandz	*fulgidaz

Derived terms

*fulgistrijǭ

Related terms

*fulgāną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fulgijan
- Old English: fylgan, fylġian, fylġean, fylian, fyliġean, filian, feliġean, fyliġan
  - Middle English: filȝen, filiȝen, filghen, filighen, fileghen, fulwen, fulien, filowen, felowen
Old Norse: fylgja
- Icelandic: fylgja
- Faroese: fylgja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fylgja, følgja; (dialectal) fýgje, fòlgje, fylla, -e, følle, følgj, følgji, føll
- Jamtish: fołi
- Elfdalian: fya, fyå
- Old Swedish: fylghia
  - Swedish: följa
- Old Danish: fylghæ
  - Danish: følge
    - Norwegian Bokmål: følge
      - → Norwegian Nynorsk: følga, -e
  - Scanian: føğla
- Old Gutnish: fylgia
  - Gutnish: fylge

References

^ Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23), Innsbruck, 1978, page 76-77
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fulgēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159: “*fulgjan-”

[1] Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23), Innsbruck, 1978, page 76-77

[EDPG-2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fulgēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159: “*fulgjan-”