Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furþą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *pŕ̥-to(m), perhaps with accent retraction from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥-tó-m or *pr̥-t-ó, derived from *per- (“to cross; across, before, in front”). Compare Ancient Greek πάρ (pár), Latin por-, Sanskrit प्र् (pr).

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Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸur.θɑ̃/

Adverb

*furþą

1. forward
2. onward, forth

Alternative reconstructions

• *furþa

Related terms

Derived terms

• *furþōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *forþ
  • Old English: forþ, forð
    • Middle English: forth, vorð, furth, feorð, forh, fort, ford
      • English: forth
      • Scots: furth
  • Old Frisian: forth
  • Old Saxon: forth, forð
    • Middle Low German: fort, vort
      • → Danish: fort
      • → Norwegian: fort
      • → Swedish: fort
  • Old Dutch: forth
    • Middle Dutch: vort, voort
      • Dutch: voort
      • Jersey Dutch: vôrt
  • Old High German: forth
    • Middle High German: vort
      • Cimbrian: vort
      • German: fort
• Old Norse: forð

Further reading

• Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “forth”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*furþ(a)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 121
• Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “voort1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press