Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gēbiz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Vṛddhi gerundive of *gebaną (“to give”).[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
*gēbiz
Inflection
Declension of *gēbiz (i-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *gēbiz | *gēbijai | *gēbī | *gēbijôz | *gēbį, *-jatō | *gēbijō |
| accusative | *gēbijanǭ | *gēbijanz | *gēbijǭ | *gēbijōz | *gēbį, *-jatō | *gēbijō |
| genitive | *gēbijas, *gēbīs | *gēbijaizǫ̂ | *gēbijaizōz | *gēbijaizǫ̂ | *gēbijas, *gēbīs | *gēbijaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *gēbijammai | *gēbijaimaz | *gēbijaizōi | *gēbijaimaz | *gēbijammai | *gēbijaimaz |
| instrumental | *gēbijanō | *gēbijaimiz | *gēbijaizō | *gēbijaimiz | *gēbijanō | *gēbijaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *gēbijô | *gēbijaniz | *gēbijǭ | *gēbijōniz | *gēbijô | *gēbijōnō |
| accusative | *gēbijanų | *gēbijanunz | *gēbijōnų | *gēbijōnunz | *gēbijô | *gēbijōnō |
| genitive | *gēbīniz | *gēbijanǫ̂ | *gēbijōniz | *gēbijōnǫ̂ | *gēbīniz | *gēbijanǫ̂ |
| dative | *gēbīni | *gēbijammaz | *gēbijōni | *gēbijōmaz | *gēbīni | *gēbijammaz |
| instrumental | *gēbīnē | *gēbijammiz | *gēbijōnē | *gēbijōmiz | *gēbīnē | *gēbijammiz |
Descendants
The daughter languages show a wide range of derived meanings.
- Old Frisian: jēve, gēve
- Middle Dutch: gāve
- Middle Low German: gēve
- Old High German: *gābi
- Middle High German: gæbe
- Old Norse: gæfr
References
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gēbi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 173