Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gīslaz (“hostage”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣiːs.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gīslōną^[1]

to take hostage

Inflection

Conjugation of *gīslōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gīslō	*gīslǭ	—	*gīslōi	?
2nd singular	*gīslōsi	*gīslōs	*gīslō	*gīslōsai	*gīslōsau
3rd singular	*gīslōþi	*gīslō	*gīslōþau	*gīslōþai	*gīslōþau
1st dual	*gīslōs	*gīslōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gīslōþiz	*gīslōþiz	*gīslōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gīslōmaz	*gīslōm	—	*gīslōnþai	*gīslōnþau
2nd plural	*gīslōþ	*gīslōþ	*gīslōþ	*gīslōnþai	*gīslōnþau
3rd plural	*gīslōnþi	*gīslōn	*gīslōnþau	*gīslōnþai	*gīslōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gīslōdǭ	*gīslōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gīslōdēz	*gīslōdēdīz
3rd singular	*gīslōdē	*gīslōdēdī
1st dual	*gīslōdēdū	*gīslōdēdīw
2nd dual	*gīslōdēdudiz	*gīslōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gīslōdēdum	*gīslōdēdīm
2nd plural	*gīslōdēdud	*gīslōdēdīd
3rd plural	*gīslōdēdun	*gīslōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gīslōndz	*gīslōdaz

Derived terms

*gīslungō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gīslōn
- Old English: gīslian
  - Middle English: gislen
- Old Frisian: gīslia
  - West Frisian: gizelje
- Old Saxon: *gīslōn
  - Middle Low German: gîselen, gîseln
- Old Dutch: *gīslon
  - Middle Dutch: giselen
    - Dutch: gijzelen
- Old High German: *gīslōn
  - Middle High German: gīselen, gīseln
    - German: geiseln
Old Norse: gísla

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒīslōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135

[Orel-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒīslōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135

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