Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gallô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-r/n- (compare the r-stem in Norwegian galder (“swelling on a horse's foot”)^[1]), cognate with Proto-Celtic *galarom (“pain, illness ~ grief”) and Hittite 𒆗𒆷𒅈 (kal-la-ar /⁠gallar-⁠/, “inauspicious, bad; enormous”) (reflecting *ǵʰ(o)lH-ro-), from a root *ǵʰelH- (“to damage, cause pain; to be bad, evil”) (compare Welsh gâl (“ache”), Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”) and Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad, evil”)),^[2][3] though this root is somewhat disputed. However, see also Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile”). Connection if any to Latin galla is uncertain.

*gallô m^[3]

1. infirmity, weakness
2. barrenness; flaw, reproach
3. swelling; lesion

• *galraz^[1]
  • Norwegian: galder

• Proto-West Germanic: *gallō
  • Old English: ġealla, galla (“skin lesion”)
    • Middle English: galle
      • English: gall
      • Scots: gall, gaw
  • Old Saxon: *gallo, *galla f
    • >? Middle Low German: galle f (“swelling, defect”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)
      • → Norwegian: galder
  • Old High German: *gallo, *galla f
    • >? Middle High German: galle f (“swelling”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)
      • German: Galle
• Old Norse: galli
  • Icelandic: galli
  • Swedish: gall