Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Exact origin uncertain. Perhaps from *ga- +‎ *mann-, but the stress is on the first syllable, whereas the prefix *ga- never bears stress. Alternatively:

• Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)^[1]
• Pokorny compares Middle High German gampen, gumpen (“to jump”) (cf. *gampaz) and Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb-, *(h₂)gʷʰem- (“to hop, jump, frisk”).^[2]

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.mɑ.nɑ̃/

*gamaną n

1. a fellow human, associate, companion
2. pleasure, enjoyment, joy
3. fun, amusement, game, sport

• *gamanōną
• *gimbaną/*gimpaną
• *gumaraz

• Proto-West Germanic: *gaman
  • Old English: gamen, gomen
    • Middle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme
      • English: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)
      • ⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge
      • Scots: gemme, gem, gyem, game
      • Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume
  • Old Frisian: game, gome
    • >? West Frisian: gammen
  • Old Saxon: gaman
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: gamel
      • German Low German: Gammel
  • Old Dutch: *gaman
    • Middle Dutch: game, gāme
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc
        • Dutch: gemelijk
  • Old High German: gaman
    • Middle High German: gamen, gamel, game
      • German: Gammel (dialectal)
• Old Norse: gaman; (gems)
  • Icelandic: gaman
  • Faroese: gaman
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: gaman
  • Old Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen
    • Swedish: gamman
  • Danish: gammen
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gammen
• >? Old Norse: man
  • Icelandic: man
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)