Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaumijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gaumaz (“heed”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑu̯.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gaumijaną^[1]^[2]

to heed, notice, observe, keep

Inflection

Conjugation of *gaumijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gaumijō	*gaumijaų	—	*gaumijai	?
2nd singular	*gaumīsi	*gaumijais	*gaumī	*gaumijasai	*gaumijaisau
3rd singular	*gaumīþi	*gaumijai	*gaumijaþau	*gaumijaþai	*gaumijaiþau
1st dual	*gaumijōs	*gaumijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gaumijaþiz	*gaumijaiþiz	*gaumijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gaumijamaz	*gaumijaim	—	*gaumijanþai	*gaumijainþau
2nd plural	*gaumīþ	*gaumijaiþ	*gaumīþ	*gaumijanþai	*gaumijainþau
3rd plural	*gaumijanþi	*gaumijain	*gaumijanþau	*gaumijanþai	*gaumijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gaumidǭ	*gaumidēdį̄
2nd singular	*gaumidēz	*gaumidēdīz
3rd singular	*gaumidē	*gaumidēdī
1st dual	*gaumidēdū	*gaumidēdīw
2nd dual	*gaumidēdudiz	*gaumidēdīdiz
1st plural	*gaumidēdum	*gaumidēdīm
2nd plural	*gaumidēdud	*gaumidēdīd
3rd plural	*gaumidēdun	*gaumidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gaumijandz	*gaumidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gaumijan
- Old English: ġīeman, ġīman, ġȳman
  - Middle English: ȝemen, yemen
    - English: yeme (obsolete)
- Old Saxon: gōmian
  - Middle Low German: gômen, gȫmen
- Old Dutch: *gōmen
  - Middle Dutch: gômen
    - Dutch: gomen (obsolete)
- Old High German: goumen
  - Middle High German: goumen
    - Alemannic German: gaume
Old Norse: geyma
- Icelandic: geyma
- Faroese: goyma
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gøyma
- Norwegian Bokmål: gjømme
- Old Swedish: gø̄ma
  - Swedish: gömma
- Old Danish: gø̄mæ, gēmæ, gǣmæ, gømmæ, gimmæ, giø̄ma
  - Danish: gemme
    - Norwegian Bokmål: gjemme
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaumjan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gauma-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171/172: “*gaumjan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒaumjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 128

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gauma-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171/172: “*gaumjan-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒaumjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 128

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaumijaną

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