Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gleupaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *glupъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣleu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gleupaną

to gape
to look, stare, squint
to sneak

Inflection

Conjugation of *gleupaną (strong class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gleupō	*gleupaų	—	*gleupai	?
2nd singular	*gliupizi	*gleupaiz	*gleup	*gleupazai	*gleupaizau
3rd singular	*gliupidi	*gleupai	*gleupadau	*gleupadai	*gleupaidau
1st dual	*gleupōz	*gleupaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gleupadiz	*gleupaidiz	*gleupadiz	—	—
1st plural	*gleupamaz	*gleupaim	—	*gleupandai	*gleupaindau
2nd plural	*gliupid	*gleupaid	*gliupid	*gleupandai	*gleupaindau
3rd plural	*gleupandi	*gleupain	*gleupandau	*gleupandai	*gleupaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*glaup	*glupį̄
2nd singular	*glauft	*glupīz
3rd singular	*glaup	*glupī
1st dual	*glupū	*glupīw
2nd dual	*glupudiz	*glupīdiz
1st plural	*glupum	*glupīm
2nd plural	*glupud	*glupīd
3rd plural	*glupun	*glupīn

	present	past
participles	*gleupandz	*glupanaz

Alternative forms

*glūpaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *glūpan
- Old Frisian: glūpa
  - West Frisian: glupe
- Old Saxon: *glūpan
  - Middle Low German: glūpen
- Old Dutch: *glūpan
  - Middle Dutch: glupen
    - Dutch: gluipen
Old Norse: *gljopa, *glúpa
- Norwegian:
  Norwegian Nynorsk: gljupa, glupa
- Elfdalian: glaupa
- Swedish: gliopa, glupa

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gleupan-~*glūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒlūpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gleupan-~*glūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒlūpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137