Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōbō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Functional o-grade ō-stem derived from *grabaną (“to dig, scratch”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɔː.βɔː/

Noun

*grōbō f

hole, ditch, pit

Inflection

Declension of *grōbō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*grōbō	*grōbôz
vocative	*grōbō	*grōbôz
accusative	*grōbǭ	*grōbōz
genitive	*grōbōz	*grōbǫ̂
dative	*grōbōi	*grōbōmaz
instrumental	*grōbō	*grōbōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *grōbu
- Old English: *grōf
  - Middle English: grofe, groof
    - English: groove
- Old Frisian: *grōf; (grōpe)
  - West Frisian: groef
- Old Saxon: grōƀa, grōva
  - Middle Low German: grôve
- Old Dutch: gruova
  - Middle Dutch: grove, groeve
    - Dutch: groeve, groef
      - Afrikaans: groef
- Old High German: gruoba
  - Middle High German: gruobe
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: gruuba
      
      Mòcheno: gruab
    - German: Grube (see there for further descendants)
      - → Saterland Frisian: Gruube
    - Luxembourgish: Grouf
Old Norse: gróf
- Icelandic: gróf
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gróv
  - → Scots: grüvi
Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌰 (grōba)
- → Galician: groba
- → Asturian: engrueba

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grōbō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒrōbō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grōbō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 191

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒrōbō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143