Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gruppōną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʰr̥bʰnéh₂-, with remodeling based on its strong verb, an iterative formation to *grabaną (“to dig”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, bury”). Related to Sanskrit गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti, “to seize, lay hold of”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gruppōną

  1. to dig, scrape, groove

Inflection

Conjugation of *gruppōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gruppō *gruppǭ — *gruppōi ?
2nd singular *gruppōsi *gruppōs *gruppō *gruppōsai *gruppōsau
3rd singular *gruppōþi *gruppō *gruppōþau *gruppōþai *gruppōþau
1st dual *gruppōs *gruppōw — — —
2nd dual *gruppōþiz *gruppōþiz *gruppōþiz — —
1st plural *gruppōmaz *gruppōm — *gruppōnþai *gruppōnþau
2nd plural *gruppōþ *gruppōþ *gruppōþ *gruppōnþai *gruppōnþau
3rd plural *gruppōnþi *gruppōn *gruppōnþau *gruppōnþai *gruppōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gruppōdǭ *gruppōdēdį̄
2nd singular *gruppōdēz *gruppōdēdīz
3rd singular *gruppōdē *gruppōdēdī
1st dual *gruppōdēdū *gruppōdēdīw
2nd dual *gruppōdēdudiz *gruppōdēdīdiz
1st plural *gruppōdēdum *gruppōdēdīm
2nd plural *gruppōdēdud *gruppōdēdīd
3rd plural *gruppōdēdun *gruppōdēdīn
present past
participles *gruppōndz *gruppōdaz

Descendants

The original paradigm of singular *grupp- against non-singular *grub-, allowed for different leveling among the daughter languages.

  • Middle English: grubben, gropen
  • Middle Low German: gropen
  • Old Dutch:
  • German: groppen (dialectal)
  • Norwegian: gropa

References

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*grupp/bōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 192-3
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