Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gumāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Kroonen assumes this is a stative verb created to an unattested adjective *gaumaz (“attentive”), whence also *gaumaz (“heed, attention”). The zero-grade of the verb would be a secondary development.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣu.mɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gumāną^[1]

to pay attention

Inflection

Conjugation of *gumāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gumō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*gumaisi	?	*gumai	*gumāsai	?
3rd singular	*gumaiþi	?	*gumāþau	*gumāþai	?
1st dual	*gumōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gumāþiz	?	*gumāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gumāmaz	?	—	*gumānþai	?
2nd plural	*gumaiþ	?	*gumaiþ	*gumānþai	?
3rd plural	*gumānþi	?	*gumānþau	*gumānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gumadǭ	*gumadēdį̄
2nd singular	*gumadēz	*gumadēdīz
3rd singular	*gumadē	*gumadēdī
1st dual	*gumadēdū	*gumadēdīw
2nd dual	*gumadēdudiz	*gumadēdīdiz
1st plural	*gumadēdum	*gumadēdīm
2nd plural	*gumadēdud	*gumadēdīd
3rd plural	*gumadēdun	*gumadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gumāndz	*gumadaz

Related terms

*gaumijaną

Descendants

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fragumēn
- Old English: forgumian
- Old Saxon: fargumōn
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *ubargumēn
- Old English: ofergumian
Old Norse: guma
- Icelandic: guma

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gumēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gumēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

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