Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamalaz

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-olo-s, from *ḱem- (hornless). Cognate with Sanskrit शम (śáma, hornless), Proto-Slavic *komolъ (hornless) (> Russian комо́лый (komólyj)).

Pronunciation

Adjective

*hamalaz

  1. mutilated, truncated

Inflection

Declension of *hamalaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *hamalaz *hamalō *hamalą, -atō *hamalai *hamalôz *hamalō
accusative *hamalanǭ *hamalǭ *hamalą, -atō *hamalanz *hamalōz *hamalō
genitive *hamalas, -is *hamalaizōz *hamalas, -is *hamalaizǫ̂ *hamalaizǫ̂ *hamalaizǫ̂
dative *hamalammai *hamalaizōi *hamalammai *hamalaimaz *hamalaimaz *hamalaimaz
instrumental *hamalanō *hamalaizō *hamalanō *hamalaimiz *hamalaimiz *hamalaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *hamalô *hamalǭ *hamalô *hamalaniz *hamalōniz *hamalōnō
accusative *hamalanų *hamalōnų *hamalô *hamalanunz *hamalōnunz *hamalōnō
genitive *hamaliniz *hamalōniz *hamaliniz *hamalanǫ̂ *hamalōnǫ̂ *hamalanǫ̂
dative *hamalini *hamalōni *hamalini *hamalammaz *hamalōmaz *hamalammaz
instrumental *hamalinē *hamalōnē *hamalinē *hamalammiz *hamalōmiz *hamalammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old Dutch: *hamal
  • Old High German: hamal
  • >? Old Norse: hamall
  • Proto-Samic: *āmēlē (see there for further descendants)
  • ? Proto-Finnic: *kamala

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hamala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206