Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hertô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd (“heart”), reanalyzed as a neuter an-stem.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxer.tɔːː/

Noun

*hertô n

heart

Inflection

neuter an-stemDeclension of *hertô (neuter an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hertô	*hertōnō
vocative	*hertô	*hertōnō
accusative	*hertô	*hertōnō
genitive	*hirtiniz	*hertanǫ̂
dative	*hirtini	*hertammaz
instrumental	*hirtinē	*hertammiz

Related terms

*hartą
*herþrą (possibly)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hertā
- Old English: heorte, herte — Northumbrian, hearte, hiorte
  - Middle English: herte, hart, harte, heorte, hert, hertt, hirte, huerte, heortæ, heorrte, herrte, hierte, horte, hurte (Early Middle English)
    - English: heart (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: hert, hart, hairt
    - Yola: hearth, hart
- Old Frisian: herte, hirte
  - Saterland Frisian: Haat
  - West Frisian: hert
- Old Saxon: herta, herte
  - Middle Low German: herte, harte
    - Low German: Hart, Hiärt
    - German Low German: Hart
    - Plautdietsch: Hoat
- Old Dutch: herta
  - Middle Dutch: herte, harte
    - Dutch: hart
      - Afrikaans: hart
    - Limburgish: hert
    - West Flemish: erte
- Old High German: herza
  - Middle High German: hërze, hërz
    - Alemannic German: Härz
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: hèrtz, hèertze (Sette Comuni)
      Mòcheno: hèrz
    - Central Franconian: Hätz, Hetz (variant spelling), Hatz (Ripuarian), Herz (Ripuarian variant), Hearz (Moselle Franconian variant), Häerz
      Hunsrik: Herz
    - German: Herz
    - Luxembourgish: Häerz
    - Silesian East Central German: Herze / Härze (Breslauisch) / Harze n
      - ⇒ Silesian East Central German: / harzlich
    - Vilamovian: haoc
    - Yiddish: האַרץ (harts)
Old Norse: hjarta
- Icelandic: hjarta
- Faroese: hjarta
- Norn: hjarta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hjarta, hjarte, hjerta
- Jamtish: hjarte
- Elfdalian: järta
- Old Swedish: hiærta
  - Swedish: hjärta, hjerta, järta (obsolete)
    - → Finnish: hertta
- Old Danish: hiartæ, hiærtæ
  - Scanian: hjarta
  - Danish: hjerte
    - Norwegian Bokmål: hjerte
      - → Norwegian Nynorsk: hjerte
  - Jutish: jaart
- Gutnish: hjärte
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hertōn”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hertōn”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222

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