Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaigijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hnaiwijaną

Etymology

From *hnīganą (“to bow”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxnɑi̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnaigijaną^[1]^[2]

to make bow

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnaigijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnaigijō	*hnaigijaų	—	*hnaigijai	?
2nd singular	*hnaigīsi	*hnaigijais	*hnaigī	*hnaigijasai	*hnaigijaisau
3rd singular	*hnaigīþi	*hnaigijai	*hnaigijaþau	*hnaigijaþai	*hnaigijaiþau
1st dual	*hnaigijōs	*hnaigijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnaigijaþiz	*hnaigijaiþiz	*hnaigijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnaigijamaz	*hnaigijaim	—	*hnaigijanþai	*hnaigijainþau
2nd plural	*hnaigīþ	*hnaigijaiþ	*hnaigīþ	*hnaigijanþai	*hnaigijainþau
3rd plural	*hnaigijanþi	*hnaigijain	*hnaigijanþau	*hnaigijanþai	*hnaigijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnaigidǭ	*hnaigidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnaigidēz	*hnaigidēdīz
3rd singular	*hnaigidē	*hnaigidēdī
1st dual	*hnaigidēdū	*hnaigidēdīw
2nd dual	*hnaigidēdudiz	*hnaigidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnaigidēdum	*hnaigidēdīm
2nd plural	*hnaigidēdud	*hnaigidēdīd
3rd plural	*hnaigidēdun	*hnaigidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnaigijandz	*hnaigidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hnaigijan
- Old English: hnǣġan
  - Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
    - English: neigh
    - Scots: neche, nech, neich
- Old Saxon: *hnēgian
  - Middle Low German: nēgen
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: gihnēgian
- Old Dutch: neigen
  - Middle Dutch: neigen
    - Dutch: neigen
    - Limburgish: neige, nèège
- Old High German: neigen, hneigen
  - Middle High German: neigen
    - German: neigen
Old Norse: hneigja
- Icelandic: hneigja
Gothic: 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hnaiwjan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnaiwjan-~*hnaigjan”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnaiʒwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnaiwjan-~*hnaigjan”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnaiʒwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179

[1]

[2]