Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnewwaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *knewH-e-ti, from *knewH- (“to scrape, scratch, rub”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κνύω (knúō, “to scratch”), Latvian knüt (“to itch”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

*hnewwaną[1][2]

  1. to knock, to push, to shove

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnewwaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnewwō *hnewwaų — *hnewwai ?
2nd singular *hniwwizi *hnewwaiz *hneww *hnewwazai *hnewwaizau
3rd singular *hniwwidi *hnewwai *hnewwadau *hnewwadai *hnewwaidau
1st dual *hnewwōz *hnewwaiw — — —
2nd dual *hnewwadiz *hnewwaidiz *hnewwadiz — —
1st plural *hnewwamaz *hnewwaim — *hnewwandai *hnewwaindau
2nd plural *hniwwid *hnewwaid *hniwwid *hnewwandai *hnewwaindau
3rd plural *hnewwandi *hnewwain *hnewwandau *hnewwandai *hnewwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnau(w) *hnuwį̄
2nd singular *hnau(w)t *hnuwīz
3rd singular *hnau(w) *hnuwī
1st dual *hnuwū *hnuwīw
2nd dual *hnuwudiz *hnuwīdiz
1st plural *hnuwum *hnuwīm
2nd plural *hnuwud *hnuwīd
3rd plural *hnuwun *hnuwīn
present past
participles *hnewwandz *hnuwanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hneuwan
    • Old High German: hniuwan, niuwan
  • Old Norse: hnøggva, hnyggja (“to strike, cut off”)
    • Elfdalian: negga (“to butt”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hnewwan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnewwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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