Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kewwaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (“to chew”); compare Latin gingīva (“gums”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”), Polish żuć (“to chew”), Persian جویدن (javidan), Pashto (žovạl, “to bite, gnaw”).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
- to chew
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *kewwō | *kewwaų | — | *kewwai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *kiwwizi | *kewwaiz | *keww | *kewwazai | *kewwaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *kiwwidi | *kewwai | *kewwadau | *kewwadai | *kewwaidau | |
| 1st dual | *kewwōz | *kewwaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *kewwadiz | *kewwaidiz | *kewwadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *kewwamaz | *kewwaim | — | *kewwandai | *kewwaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *kiwwid | *kewwaid | *kiwwid | *kewwandai | *kewwaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *kewwandi | *kewwain | *kewwandau | *kewwandai | *kewwaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *kau(w) | *kuwį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *kau(w)t | *kuwīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *kau(w) | *kuwī | ||||
| 1st dual | *kuwū | *kuwīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *kuwudiz | *kuwīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *kuwum | *kuwīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *kuwud | *kuwīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *kuwun | *kuwīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *kewwandz | *kuwanaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *keuwan
- Old Norse: tyggja, tyggva (< *kjuwwa; t- maybe from synonym tǫgla or from dissimilation)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kewwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 286-287
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kewwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213