Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/keuwan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kewwaną.

Verb

*keuwan^[1]

to chew

Inflection

Strong class 2
Infinitive	*keuwan
1st sg. past	*kauw
3rd pl. past	*kuwun
Past ptcple	*kowan
Infinitive	*keuwan
Genitive infin.	*keuwannjas
Dative infin.	*keuwannjē
Instrum. infin.	*keuwannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*keuwu	*kauw
2nd singular	*kiuwiʀi	*kuwī
3rd singular	*kiuwidi	*kauw
1st plural	*keuwum	*kuwum
2nd plural	*kiuwid	*kuwud
3rd plural	*keuwand	*kuwun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*keuwē	*kuwī
2nd singular	*keuwēs	*kuwī
3rd singular	*keuwē	*kuwī
1st plural	*keuwēm	*kuwīm
2nd plural	*keuwēþ	*kuwīd
3rd plural	*keuwēn	*kuwīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kiuw
Plural	*kiuwid
	Present	Past
Participle	*keuwandī	*kowan

Derived terms

*gakauw n
*gakow n
- Old English: ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)
*kauwijan
- Old English: *ċīewan, *ċȳwan
  - ⇒ Old English: ċȳwung, ċīwung
*kauwōn
- Old English: *ċēawian
  - Middle English: chawen
    - English: chaw
    - Scots: chaw
- Old Saxon: *kōwōn
  - Middle Low German: kowen, kouwen, kauwen, kauen
    - German Low German: kauen
- Old Dutch: *kouwon, *kōwon
  - Middle Dutch: couwen, cowen, cauwen
    - Dutch: kauwen
      - Afrikaans: kou
- Old High German: *kouwōn
  - Middle High German: kouwen
*kiuwijan

Descendants

Old English: ċēowan
- Middle English: chewen, chewe, chyewe, cheowen, chiewe, chiewen, chiwen, chowen, chuen, chawen, chewwenn (Ormulum)
  - English: chew
    - → Pennsylvania German: tschaae
  - Scots: chow, chaw
Old Frisian: *kiāwa, *kiāwja
- West Frisian: kôgje, kôchje, koaie
- Saterland Frisian: kauje
Old Saxon: kiuwan, kiwan
- Middle Low German: keuwen, kuwen
  - Low German: käwwen
Old Dutch: *kiuwan, *kūwan
- Middle Dutch: kewen, ceuwen, cuwen
Old High German: kiuwan
- Middle High German: kiuwen, kūwen, kewen
  - Alemannic German: chüüwe
  - Bavarian: kuin
  - Cimbrian: khòjan
  - German: kauen
  - Hunsrik: kaue
  - Pennsylvania German: kaue

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 137: “PWGmc *keuwan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 137: “PWGmc *keuwan”

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/keuwan

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