Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klinganą

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

From Pre-Germanic *glengʰ- (“sound”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gal-, *gelH- (“to call, sound”) (compare *golH-s- (“voice, cry”)), the root whence also *kalzōną, and/or ultimately onomatopoeic, similar to Latin clangō (“to clang”).[1]

Verb

*klinganą

  1. to sound
Inflection
Conjugation of *klinganą (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klingō *klingaų — *klingai ?
2nd singular *klingizi *klingaiz *kling *klingazai *klingaizau
3rd singular *klingidi *klingai *klingadau *klingadai *klingaidau
1st dual *klingōz *klingaiw — — —
2nd dual *klingadiz *klingaidiz *klingadiz — —
1st plural *klingamaz *klingaim — *klingandai *klingaindau
2nd plural *klingid *klingaid *klingid *klingandai *klingaindau
3rd plural *klingandi *klingain *klingandau *klingandai *klingaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klang *klungį̄
2nd singular *klanht *klungīz
3rd singular *klang *klungī
1st dual *klungū *klungīw
2nd dual *klungudiz *klungīdiz
1st plural *klungum *klungīm
2nd plural *klungud *klungīd
3rd plural *klungun *klungīn
present past
participles *klingandz *klunganaz
Derived terms
  • >? *klinkō
    • Proto-West Germanic: *klinku (see there for further descendants)
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, stick together”). Originally a regular verb assimilated into strong verb class 3.[2]

Verb

*klinganą[3]

  2. to adhere to, cling to
Inflection
Conjugation of *klinganą (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klingō *klingaų — *klingai ?
2nd singular *klingizi *klingaiz *kling *klingazai *klingaizau
3rd singular *klingidi *klingai *klingadau *klingadai *klingaidau
1st dual *klingōz *klingaiw — — —
2nd dual *klingadiz *klingaidiz *klingadiz — —
1st plural *klingamaz *klingaim — *klingandai *klingaindau
2nd plural *klingid *klingaid *klingid *klingandai *klingaindau
3rd plural *klingandi *klingain *klingandau *klingandai *klingaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klang *klungį̄
2nd singular *klanht *klungīz
3rd singular *klang *klungī
1st dual *klungū *klungīw
2nd dual *klungudiz *klungīdiz
1st plural *klungum *klungīm
2nd plural *klungud *klungīd
3rd plural *klungun *klungīn
present past
participles *klingandz *klunganaz
Derived terms
Descendants

References

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klingan- ~ *klinkan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293
  2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klingan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293
  3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216
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