Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyH- (“to dwindle”) or possibly, Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwīnaną^[1]

to wither, to dwindle

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwīnaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kwīnō	*kwīnaų	—	*kwīnai	?
2nd singular	*kwīnizi	*kwīnaiz	*kwīn	*kwīnazai	*kwīnaizau
3rd singular	*kwīnidi	*kwīnai	*kwīnadau	*kwīnadai	*kwīnaidau
1st dual	*kwīnōz	*kwīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwīnadiz	*kwīnaidiz	*kwīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwīnamaz	*kwīnaim	—	*kwīnandai	*kwīnaindau
2nd plural	*kwīnid	*kwīnaid	*kwīnid	*kwīnandai	*kwīnaindau
3rd plural	*kwīnandi	*kwīnain	*kwīnandau	*kwīnandai	*kwīnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwain	*kwinį̄
2nd singular	*kwaint	*kwinīz
3rd singular	*kwain	*kwinī
1st dual	*kwinū	*kwinīw
2nd dual	*kwinudiz	*kwinīdiz
1st plural	*kwinum	*kwinīm
2nd plural	*kwinud	*kwinīd
3rd plural	*kwinun	*kwinīn

	present	past
participles	*kwīnandz	*kwinanaz

Related terms

*kwinkaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kwīnan
- Old English: *cwīnan
  - ⇒ Old English: ācwīnan
- Old Frisian: *quīna
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)
  - ⇒ West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)
- Old Saxon: *quīnan
  - Middle Low German: quînen
    - German Low German: quienen
- Old Dutch: quīnan
  - Middle Dutch: quinen
    - Dutch: kwijnen
- Old High German: *quīnan
  - Middle High German: *quīnen
    - ⇒ Middle High German: verquīnen

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kwīnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319

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