Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From earlier *kwernuz, a rare feminine u-stem reanalysed as an ō-stem, in turn from Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷer.nɔː/

*kwernō f

1. millstone
2. handmill; quern

• *kwernuz

• Old English: cweorn
  • Middle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern
    • English: quern, kern, curn, quirn
    • Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern
    • Yola: querne
• Old Frisian: quern
  • North Frisian: quern
• Old Saxon: querna; (kwern, quern)
  • Middle Low German: querne; (quern)
• Old Dutch: *kwerna
  • Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne
    • Dutch: kweern
• Old High German: chwirna; (kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn)
  • Middle High German: churne, kürne; (kurn, kürn)
• Old Norse: kvern
  • Icelandic: kvern, kvörn
  • Faroese: kvørn
  • Norwegian: kvern
  • Old Swedish: kværn, kvarn
    • Swedish: kvarn
  • Old Danish: kwærn
    • Danish: kværn
  • Elfdalian: kwenn
  • Jamtish: kvæðn
  • Gutnish: kvänn
  • Scanian: kværn
• → Proto-Samic:
  • Northern Sami: giertnas