Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laugnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*laugniz, *laugnijaz

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *lowg-no-s, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lewgʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯ɣ.nɑz/

Adjective

*laugnaz

hidden

Inflection

Declension of *laugnaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*laugnaz	*laugnō	laugną, -at(ō)	*laugnai	*laugnôz	*laugnō
accusative	*laugnanǭ	*laugnǭ	laugną, -at(ō)	*laugnanz	*laugnōz	*laugnō
genitive	laugnas, laugnis	*laugnaizōz	laugnas, laugnis	*laugnaizǫ̂	*laugnaizǫ̂	*laugnaizǫ̂
dative	*laugnammai	*laugnaizōi	*laugnammai	*laugnaimaz	*laugnaimaz	*laugnaimaz
instrumental	*laugnanō	*laugnaizō	*laugnanō	*laugnaimiz	*laugnaimiz	*laugnaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*laugnô	*laugnǭ	*laugnô	*laugnaniz	*laugnōniz	*laugnōnō
accusative	*laugnanų	*laugnōnų	*laugnô	*laugnanunz	*laugnōnunz	*laugnōnō
genitive	*laugniniz	*laugnōniz	*laugniniz	*laugnanǫ̂	*laugnōnǫ̂	*laugnanǫ̂
dative	*laugnini	*laugnōni	*laugnini	*laugnammaz	*laugnōmaz	*laugnammaz
instrumental	*laugninē	*laugnōnē	*laugninē	*laugnammiz	*laugnōmiz	*laugnammiz

Derived terms

*laugnijaną

Related terms

*leuganą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *laugnī (< *laugniz/*laugnijaz)
- Old English: *līegne
  - ⇒ Old English: unlīegne (“undeniable, unquestionable, incontrovertible”)
Old Norse: laun
- Norwegian Bokmål: lønn
- Swedish: lönn-
- Danish: løn
⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌽𐍃 (analaugns)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lauʒniz ~ *lauʒnjaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lauʒniz ~ *lauʒnjaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238