Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēlōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Related to *mēlą (“stain, mark, spot”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɛː.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*mēlōną^[1]

to stain
to paint

Inflection

Conjugation of *mēlōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*mēlō	*mēlǭ	—	*mēlōi	?
2nd singular	*mēlōsi	*mēlōs	*mēlō	*mēlōsai	*mēlōsau
3rd singular	*mēlōþi	*mēlō	*mēlōþau	*mēlōþai	*mēlōþau
1st dual	*mēlōs	*mēlōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*mēlōþiz	*mēlōþiz	*mēlōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*mēlōmaz	*mēlōm	—	*mēlōnþai	*mēlōnþau
2nd plural	*mēlōþ	*mēlōþ	*mēlōþ	*mēlōnþai	*mēlōnþau
3rd plural	*mēlōnþi	*mēlōn	*mēlōnþau	*mēlōnþai	*mēlōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*mēlōdǭ	*mēlōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*mēlōdēz	*mēlōdēdīz
3rd singular	*mēlōdē	*mēlōdēdī
1st dual	*mēlōdēdū	*mēlōdēdīw
2nd dual	*mēlōdēdudiz	*mēlōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*mēlōdēdum	*mēlōdēdīm
2nd plural	*mēlōdēdud	*mēlōdēdīd
3rd plural	*mēlōdēdun	*mēlōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*mēlōndz	*mēlōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

*mēlāną^[2]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *mālōn
- Old Frisian: mēlia
  - West Frisian: mielje
  - Saterland Frisian: moalje
- Old Saxon: mālōn
  - Middle Low German: mālen
    - German Low German: malen
    - → Danish: male
    - → Old Swedish: māla
      - Swedish: måla
- Old Dutch: *mālon
  - Middle Dutch: mâlen
    - Dutch: malen
      - Afrikaans: maal
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
      - Negerhollands: maal
    - Limburgish: male
- Old High German: mālōn, mālēn
  - Middle High German: mālen
    - German: malen
    - → Polish: malować
    - Yiddish: מאָלן (moln)
Old Norse: mála
- Icelandic: mála
- Faroese: mála
- Norwegian Nynorsk: måla, måle
- Norwegian Bokmål: male
- Swedish: måla
- Danish: male

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*mēla- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “*mēlōjan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*mēljanan ~ *mēlēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*mēla- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “*mēlōjan-”

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*mēljanan ~ *mēlēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēlōną

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