Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþrōnijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nurþraz +‎ *-ōnijaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnur.θrɔː.ni.jɑz/

Adjective

*nurþrōnijaz

northern

Inflection

Declension of *nurþrōnijaz (ja-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*nurþrōnijaz	*nurþrōnijai	*nurþrōnijō	*nurþrōnijôz	*nurþrōniją, -atō	*nurþrōnijō
Accusative	*nurþrōnijanǭ	*nurþrōnijanz	*nurþrōnijǭ	*nurþrōnijōz	*nurþrōniją, -atō	*nurþrōnijō
Genitive	*nurþrōnijas, -īs	*nurþrōnijaizǫ̂	*nurþrōnijaizōz	*nurþrōnijaizǫ̂	*nurþrōnijas, -īs	*nurþrōnijaizǫ̂
Dative	*nurþrōnijammai	*nurþrōnijaimaz	*nurþrōnijaizōi	*nurþrōnijaimaz	*nurþrōnijammai	*nurþrōnijaimaz
Instrumental	*nurþrōnijanō	*nurþrōnijaimiz	*nurþrōnijaizō	*nurþrōnijaimiz	*nurþrōnijanō	*nurþrōnijaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*nurþrōnijô	*nurþrōnijaniz	*nurþrōnijǭ	*nurþrōnijōniz	*nurþrōnijô	*nurþrōnijōnō
Accusative	*nurþrōnijanų	*nurþrōnijanunz	*nurþrōnijōnų	*nurþrōnijōnunz	*nurþrōnijô	*nurþrōnijōnō
Genitive	*nurþrōnīniz	*nurþrōnijanǫ̂	*nurþrōnijōniz	*nurþrōnijōnǫ̂	*nurþrōnīniz	*nurþrōnijanǫ̂
Dative	*nurþrōnīni	*nurþrōnijammaz	*nurþrōnijōni	*nurþrōnijōmaz	*nurþrōnīni	*nurþrōnijammaz
Instrumental	*nurþrōnīnē	*nurþrōnijammiz	*nurþrōnijōnē	*nurþrōnijōmiz	*nurþrōnīnē	*nurþrōnijammiz

Coordinate terms

(compass points)

	*nurþrōnijaz
*westrōnijaz		*austrōnijaz
	*sunþrōnijaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *norþrōnī
- Old English: norþerne
  - Middle English: northerne, northern, northren, norþern, norþrene, northeren, northrene
    - English: northern
    - Scots: northern, nordern, northren
- Old High German: nordarōni, nordrōni
Old Norse: norrǿnn, norrœnn
- Icelandic: norrænn
- Faroese: norrønur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: norrøn
- Old Swedish: noren, noræn
  - Swedish: norrön
  - ⇒ Old Swedish: nornisker, norsker
    - Swedish: norsk, norska
- Old Danish: noræn
  - ⇒ Old Danish: nornst; norskæ pl
    - Danish: norsk, no. (abbreviation)
      - Norwegian Bokmål: norsk
- → Danish: norrøn (learned)
  - Norwegian Bokmål: norrøn
- ⇒ Middle Norwegian: nornskr m, nornst n (= nornskt)
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: norsk

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþrōnijaz

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