Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saltaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *sh₂ld-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l- with *-d- extension. Cognate with Latin sallō (“to salt”), Old Irish saillid.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsɑl.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*saltaną

to salt, pickle

Inflection

Conjugation of *saltaną (strong class 7c)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*saltō	*saltaų	—	*saltai	?
2nd singular	*saltizi	*saltaiz	*salt	*saltazai	*saltaizau
3rd singular	*saltidi	*saltai	*saltadau	*saltadai	*saltaidau
1st dual	*saltōz	*saltaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*saltadiz	*saltaidiz	*saltadiz	—	—
1st plural	*saltamaz	*saltaim	—	*saltandai	*saltaindau
2nd plural	*saltid	*saltaid	*saltid	*saltandai	*saltaindau
3rd plural	*saltandi	*saltain	*saltandau	*saltandai	*saltaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sezalt	*sezaltį̄
2nd singular	*sezalst	*sezaltīz
3rd singular	*sezalt	*sezaltī
1st dual	*sezaltū	*sezaltīw
2nd dual	*sezaltudiz	*sezaltīdiz
1st plural	*sezaltum	*sezaltīm
2nd plural	*sezaltud	*sezaltīd
3rd plural	*sezaltun	*sezaltīn

	present	past
participles	*saltandz	*saltanaz

Related terms

Descendants

Most descendants preserve this as a weak verb, presumably based on an innovated form *saltijaną or *saltōną, derived from the noun or adjective.

Proto-West Germanic: *saltan
- Old English: sealtan; sealten (ppl)
  - Middle English: salten; salten
    - English: salt; salten
    - Scots: saut
- Old Frisian: *salta; *salten (ppl)
  - Saterland Frisian: soalten (adj)
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: soaltje
  - ⇒ West Frisian: sâltsje
- Old Saxon: *saltan; *gisaltan
  - Middle Low German: solten; solten (ppl)
    - German Low German: solten; solten (ppl)
    - Plautdietsch: solten
- Old Dutch: *saltan
  - Middle Dutch: souten
    - Dutch: zouten (weak, but with a strong participle)
      - Afrikaans: sout
- Old High German: salzan
  - Middle High German: salzen
    - German: salzen (weak, but with a strong participle)
    - Luxembourgish: salzen
Old Norse: salta
- Icelandic: salta
- Faroese: salta
- Old Swedish: salta
  - Swedish: salta
- Old Danish: saltæ
  - Danish: salte
- Gutnish: salte, salt'
- Smalandian: salta
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽 (saltan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*saltan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*saltan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 425

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