Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/serþaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *sert- (“to hit (?); to rub against, move obliquely against”). Compare Hittite 𒊬𒋫𒄿 (šar-ta-i, “to wipe, rub”) and perhaps Welsh serth (“obscene”). Kloekhorst meanwhile argues for *serdʰH- based on Hittite.

Pronunciation

Verb

*serþaną

  1. to hit; to violate sexually (apparently linked with rape, homosexuality and bestiality)

Inflection

Conjugation of *serþaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *serþō *serþaų — *serþai ?
2nd singular *sirþizi *serþaiz *serþ *serþazai *serþaizau
3rd singular *sirþidi *serþai *serþadau *serþadai *serþaidau
1st dual *serþōz *serþaiw — — —
2nd dual *serþadiz *serþaidiz *serþadiz — —
1st plural *serþamaz *serþaim — *serþandai *serþaindau
2nd plural *sirþid *serþaid *sirþid *serþandai *serþaindau
3rd plural *serþandi *serþain *serþandau *serþandai *serþaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sarþ *surdį̄
2nd singular *sarst *surdīz
3rd singular *sarþ *surdī
1st dual *surdū *surdīw
2nd dual *surdudiz *surdīdiz
1st plural *surdum *surdīm
2nd plural *surdud *surdīd
3rd plural *surdun *surdīn
present past
participles *serþandz *surdanaz

Descendants

References

  • Guus Kroonen (2013) “*serþan- ~ *serdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šarta-i / šart-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 737–738
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