Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/seukaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain. Assuming that Proto-Germanic *seuk- is back-formed from the zero-grade in *sukkōną (“to be ill”), Kroonen reconstructs a pre-Germanic *sk-néh₂- and compares Latin sēgnis (“lazy, slow”), Ancient Greek ἦκα (êka, “quietly, slowly”), and Old Irish socht (“silence”), but a precise Proto-Indo-European root for these words is lacking (Kroonen prefers *sek- over *sewk-).
Pokorny suggests Proto-Indo-European *sewg-, *sēwg- (“ill, grievous, sad”), also adding Old Armenian հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim, “to waste away, wither”), but Kroonen rejects comparisons with the Armenian word.
Pronunciation
Verb
- (East Germanic) to be sick
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *seukō | *seukaų | — | *seukai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *siukizi | *seukaiz | *seuk | *seukazai | *seukaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *siukidi | *seukai | *seukadau | *seukadai | *seukaidau | |
| 1st dual | *seukōz | *seukaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *seukadiz | *seukaidiz | *seukadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *seukamaz | *seukaim | — | *seukandai | *seukaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *siukid | *seukaid | *siukid | *seukandai | *seukaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *seukandi | *seukain | *seukandau | *seukandai | *seukaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *sauk | *sukį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *sauht | *sukīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *sauk | *sukī | ||||
| 1st dual | *sukū | *sukīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *sukudiz | *sukīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *sukum | *sukīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *sukud | *sukīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *sukun | *sukīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *seukandz | *sukanaz | ||||
Related terms
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*seukan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 434
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*suk(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “seug-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 915