Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skammijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skammaz (“short, blunt”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskam.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skammijaną^[1]

to shorten

Inflection

Conjugation of *skammijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skammijō	*skammijaų	—	*skammijai	?
2nd singular	*skammīsi	*skammijais	*skammī	*skammijasai	*skammijaisau
3rd singular	*skammīþi	*skammijai	*skammijaþau	*skammijaþai	*skammijaiþau
1st dual	*skammijōs	*skammijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skammijaþiz	*skammijaiþiz	*skammijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skammijamaz	*skammijaim	—	*skammijanþai	*skammijainþau
2nd plural	*skammīþ	*skammijaiþ	*skammīþ	*skammijanþai	*skammijainþau
3rd plural	*skammijanþi	*skammijain	*skammijanþau	*skammijanþai	*skammijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skammidǭ	*skammidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skammidēz	*skammidēdīz
3rd singular	*skammidē	*skammidēdī
1st dual	*skammidēdū	*skammidēdīw
2nd dual	*skammidēdudiz	*skammidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skammidēdum	*skammidēdīm
2nd plural	*skammidēdud	*skammidēdīd
3rd plural	*skammidēdun	*skammidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*skammijandz	*skammidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skammijan
- Old High German: skemmen
Old Norse: skemma
- Icelandic: skemma

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skammjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 333

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skammjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 333

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