Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smalaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic.[1] Compare Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”) and Latin malus (“bad”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
*smalaz
Inflection
Declension of *smalaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *smalaz | *smalai | *smalō | *smalôz | *smalą, -atō | *smalō |
| Accusative | *smalanǭ | *smalanz | *smalǭ | *smalōz | *smalą, -atō | *smalō |
| Genitive | *smalas, -is | *smalaizǫ̂ | *smalaizōz | *smalaizǫ̂ | *smalas, -is | *smalaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *smalammai | *smalaimaz | *smalaizōi | *smalaimaz | *smalammai | *smalaimaz |
| Instrumental | *smalanō | *smalaimiz | *smalaizō | *smalaimiz | *smalanō | *smalaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *smalô | *smalaniz | *smalǭ | *smalōniz | *smalô | *smalōnō |
| Accusative | *smalanų | *smalanunz | *smalōnų | *smalōnunz | *smalô | *smalōnō |
| Genitive | *smaliniz | *smalanǫ̂ | *smalōniz | *smalōnǫ̂ | *smaliniz | *smalanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *smalini | *smalammaz | *smalōni | *smalōmaz | *smalini | *smalammaz |
| Instrumental | *smalinē | *smalammiz | *smalōnē | *smalōmiz | *smalinē | *smalammiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *smal
- Old Norse: smalr (late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)
- Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)
References
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*smala-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456