Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *surgō (“worry, sorrow, care”) +‎ *-āną.^[1]

Verb

*surgāną^[1]

to worry, be concerned

Inflection

Conjugation of *surgāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*surgō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*surgaisi	?	*surgai	*surgāsai	?
3rd singular	*surgaiþi	?	*surgāþau	*surgāþai	?
1st dual	*surgōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*surgāþiz	?	*surgāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*surgāmaz	?	—	*surgānþai	?
2nd plural	*surgaiþ	?	*surgaiþ	*surgānþai	?
3rd plural	*surgānþi	?	*surgānþau	*surgānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*surgadǭ	*surgadēdį̄
2nd singular	*surgadēz	*surgadēdīz
3rd singular	*surgadē	*surgadēdī
1st dual	*surgadēdū	*surgadēdīw
2nd dual	*surgadēdudiz	*surgadēdīdiz
1st plural	*surgadēdum	*surgadēdīm
2nd plural	*surgadēdud	*surgadēdīd
3rd plural	*surgadēdun	*surgadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*surgāndz	*surgadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sorgēn, *sorgōn (North Sea Germanic)
- Old English: sorgian, sorhgian, *sœrgian, *sergian
  - Middle English: sorȝen, serȝhen, sorwen, serwen
    - English: sorrow
    - Scots: sorow, sorrow
- Old Frisian: sorgia
  - Saterland Frisian: súurgje, sourgje (Strukelje)
  - West Frisian: soargje
- Old Saxon: sorgōn
  - Middle Low German: sorgen, sörgen
    - German Low German: sörgen
- Old Dutch: sorgon
  - Middle Dutch: sorgen
    - Dutch: zorgen
      - Afrikaans: sorg
      - Negerhollands: sorg
      - → Aukan: solugu
      - → Papiamentu: sòru
      - → Saramaccan: solúgu
      - → Sranan Tongo: sorgu
        → Caribbean Javanese: sorgu, nyoru, nyorgoni
        → Kari'na: sorukuma
    - Limburgish: zórge, zörge
- Old High German: sorgēn, sworgōn, sorgōn
  - Middle High German: sorgen
    - German: sorgen
      - → Esperanto: zorgi
    - Yiddish: זאָרגן (zorgn)
    - Luxembourgish: suergen
Old Norse: syrgja
- Icelandic: syrgja
- Faroese: syrgja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: syrgja, sørge
- Norwegian Bokmål: sørge
- Swedish: sörja
- Danish: sørge
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽 (saurgān)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*surgēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*surgēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388

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