Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swaipijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *swaipaną +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswɑi̯.pi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swaipijaną^[1]^[2]

to sweep
to cast

Inflection

Conjugation of *swaipijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swaipijō	*swaipijaų	—	*swaipijai	?
2nd singular	*swaipīsi	*swaipijais	*swaipī	*swaipijasai	*swaipijaisau
3rd singular	*swaipīþi	*swaipijai	*swaipijaþau	*swaipijaþai	*swaipijaiþau
1st dual	*swaipijōs	*swaipijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swaipijaþiz	*swaipijaiþiz	*swaipijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*swaipijamaz	*swaipijaim	—	*swaipijanþai	*swaipijainþau
2nd plural	*swaipīþ	*swaipijaiþ	*swaipīþ	*swaipijanþai	*swaipijainþau
3rd plural	*swaipijanþi	*swaipijain	*swaipijanþau	*swaipijanþai	*swaipijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swaipidǭ	*swaipidēdį̄
2nd singular	*swaipidēz	*swaipidēdīz
3rd singular	*swaipidē	*swaipidēdī
1st dual	*swaipidēdū	*swaipidēdīw
2nd dual	*swaipidēdudiz	*swaipidēdīdiz
1st plural	*swaipidēdum	*swaipidēdīm
2nd plural	*swaipidēdud	*swaipidēdīd
3rd plural	*swaipidēdun	*swaipidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*swaipijandz	*swaipidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swaipijan
- Old English: *swǣpan
  - Middle English: swēpen, sweepe, swepe
    - English: sweep
    - Scots: sweep
- Old High German: sweifen
  - Middle High German: sweifen
    - German: schweifen
Old Norse: sveipa
- Icelandic: sveipa
- Faroese: sveipa
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: sveipa
  - Norwegian Bokmål: sveipe
- Ostrobothnian: sveip
- Nilandian: svipa
- Old Swedish: svēpa, swǣpa
  - Swedish: svepa
- Scanian: svøba, svepa, sveva
- Older Danish: svebe
  - Danish: svøbe, svippe
- → Middle English: swaipen
  - English: swaip
  - Scots: swape, swaip

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swaipjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swaipjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swaipjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swaipjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swaipijaną

Contents