Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swelH- (“to burn”). Cognate with Lithuanian svìlti (“to singe”), Latvian svals (“vapor, smoke”), Ancient Greek εἵλη (heílē, “warmth of the sun”), and possibly Old Armenian նքողիմ (nkʻołim, “to be parched, dried, tired, unwell”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswe.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swelaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to burn

Inflection

Conjugation of *swelaną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swelō	*swelaų	—	*swelai	?
2nd singular	*swilizi	*swelaiz	*swel	*swelazai	*swelaizau
3rd singular	*swilidi	*swelai	*sweladau	*sweladai	*swelaidau
1st dual	*swelōz	*swelaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sweladiz	*swelaidiz	*sweladiz	—	—
1st plural	*swelamaz	*swelaim	—	*swelandai	*swelaindau
2nd plural	*swilid	*swelaid	*swilid	*swelandai	*swelaindau
3rd plural	*swelandi	*swelain	*swelandau	*swelandai	*swelaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swal	*swēlį̄
2nd singular	*swalt	*swēlīz
3rd singular	*swal	*swēlī
1st dual	*swēlū	*swēlīw
2nd dual	*swēludiz	*swēlīdiz
1st plural	*swēlum	*swēlīm
2nd plural	*swēlud	*swēlīd
3rd plural	*swēlun	*swēlīn

	present	past
participles	*swelandz	*sulanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swelan
- Old English: swelan
  - Middle English: swelen
    - English: sweal
- Old Saxon: *swelan
  - Middle Low German: swelen, swēlen
    - German Low German: swelen
      - → German: schwelen
- Old Dutch: *swelan
  - Middle Dutch: swelen
    - Dutch: zwelen
- Old High German: *swelan
  - ⇒ Old High German: erswelan

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swelan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 498
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swelanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SWEL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 488

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swelan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 498

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swelanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SWEL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 488

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